Hence, the whole standardization process consisted of several rounds of gathering data, adapting the mathematical model for the problem, finding a (near-) optimal keyboard, presenting it to the committee who expressed further wishes for the objective, modifying the weighting of its components, and adding or removing certain characters.
#PICTURE OF FRENCH KEYBOARD LAYOUT MANUAL#
In several meetings, the standardization committee discussed several solutions, evaluated the impact of manual changes on different parts of the objective, and altered the optimization model to find a compromise. It was rather a process that could be described as Participatory Optimization with multiple stakeholders with various fields of expertise, having divers and conflicting opinions that changed over time (such as the set of the special characters to be included and their respective importance).
However, this was not a typical case of one-shot optimization with a clearly defined model, which just has to be solved, because such a rigid approach offers only poor support for such complex socio- technical endeavors. Going beyond prior work, the goal was not only to ensure high typing performance but we also considered ergonomics and learnability factors.
Our task was to modify the placement of the special characters of the traditional Azerty keyboard while letters and numbers remain at their known positions. We, Maximilian John and Andreas Karrenbauer, joined this project in 2016 as optimization experts. One year later, AFNOR, the French national organization for standardization, was tasked with producing a standard that resolves the issues. For example, some French people were taught, incorrectly, that accents for capital letters (É, À, etc.) are optional, a belief sometimes justified by reference to their absence from Azerty. The ministry was concerned that this hinders proper use of the language. It pointed out that Azerty, the traditional layout, lacks special characters (like À, œ, etc.) needed for `proper' French and that many variants exist. To solve the problem I will just add a REALLY_Generic_azerty layout without extra keys which not appears on keyboards.In 2015, France's Ministry of Culture wrote to the French Parliament, criticizing the lack of standards for a keyboard layout. Thanks for everything Arnaudus, you really help me. I think developers should do the same thing. To solve the problem I will just add a REALLY_ Generic_ azerty layout without extra keys which not appears on keyboards.
The question I've asked right here is not my problem, personally I always used the SHIFT key to write numbers so I'm not impacted by the question I've posted here.īut I really understand that this is a problem for my friend. I'm an Unix engineer and I manage thousands of servers (AIX/HP-UX/Solaris and Red-hat).
#PICTURE OF FRENCH KEYBOARD LAYOUT WINDOWS#
I'm using Linux at home since the end of the 90's, the only times I use Windows is at work because I've no choice. I think i'm not "intoxicated" by Windows. My last keyboard have less of 2 months and I've searched a lot before finding this amazing keyboard (Aurora from Enermax), so I can affirm that. In France, there is no upper diacritic letters on keyboards. I consider your answers as it solves my problem but I just want to clarify some things: I found the appropriate link to customize the layout: Thanks for your answer and your help Arnaudus.
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